3特殊句型:therebe句型,begoingto结构
1.Begoingto结构
表示打算,准备,计划做某事
★结构:主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型
Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?
Aretheygoingtopaintit?
Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
★特殊疑问句
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Whataretheygoingtodo?
Whatisthefathergoingtodo?
(必背)
2.Therebe句型
表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)
2Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Thereisabookinthisroom.
Thereisapenonthetable
5Thereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Therearetwopensonthetable.
Therearethreeschoolsthere.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Isthereabookinthisroom?
Aretheretwopensonthetable?
★变否定句在动词后面加not
Thereisnotabookinthisroom.
Therearenottwopensonthetable.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.
Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.
4问句:
一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句
1一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语
Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?
2特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Whatisyourname?
3选择疑问句:or
Doyouwantbeeforlamb?
5反意疑问句:肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分
Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?
6否定疑问句:一般疑问句+否定词
Aren’tyoulucky?Don’tyouwanthavearest?
5冠词用法:a/an/the的一般用法
详细见笔记
6限定词:some,any,many,much
7some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some
8many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.
Ihavealotofmoney.Idon’thavemuchmoney.
12名词:种类,复数,名词所有格
1.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
3不可数名词
无法分开的东西:water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)
抽象的东西:love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)
不可数名词有以下特点:
2不能用a,an修饰
3不能加s
4和单数be动词或动词搭配
5可数名词:
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1一般情况+se.g.shell→shellsbook→books
规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.fox→foxeschurch→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches
规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s,radio→radios
规则4以f,fe结尾的,变f,fe为vese.g.life→liveshalf→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives
规则5以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+ese.g.sky→skiesfly→flies
不规则变化的名词复数形式
单数manwomanfootgoosetooth
复数menwomenfeetgeeseteeth
单数childsheepdeermousefish
复数childrensheepdeermicefish
13介词(注意总结书上词组)
14副词:用法及形容词变副词的变化
15副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。如:
Thebookisverygood.
Herunsfast.
Shecameherequiteearly.
CertainlyIwillgowithyou.
4变化:
5直接在形容词后加-ly,
careful-carefully,slow-slowly,
3以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I,加-ly,
happy-happily,lucky-luckily
6有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化
fast,hard,late
7有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:
neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,
15情态动词的使用:can,must,may,might,need,
1.情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)
结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型
Hecanmakethetea.
Sallycanairtheroom.
WecanspeakEnglish.
★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
Canhemakethetea?
CanSallyairtheroom?
CanwespeakEnglish?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
Hecannotmakethetea.
Sallycannotairtheroom.
WecannotspeakEnglish.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.
Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.
Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.
★特殊疑问句:
Whatcanyoudo?
(必背)
注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。
2.Must/haveto的区别
must表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,haveto是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做
must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而havetodo可以用在任何时态
3.must,may,might表示猜测:
1mustdo表示对现在事实的猜测
2musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测
3musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测
4may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。
5can’t/couldn’t表示不可能
4.need用法:
5表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式:
Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idon’t.
Ineedtohavearest.
7Needdoing=needtobedone,表示被动
Theflowersneedwatering.
8Need在否定时做情态动词使用
Youneedn’tgosoearly.=Youdon’tneedtogosoearly.
MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneedn’t.
18不定代词及不定副词:
Someanynoevery
thingsomethinganythingnothingeverything
onesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryone
wheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywhere
bodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody
Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.
Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.
Help!Somebody?Anybody?
Youarereallysomething.
Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourclass.
Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.
Nobodyisathome.
Ihavenothingleft.
19感叹句:
20What+名词+主语+谓语
Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!
11How+形容词+主语+谓语
Howbeautifulthegirlis!
20祈使句:
21第二人称:
22let+其他人称代词
23祈使句的否定,加don’t
24反意疑问
祈使句(第二人称)
祈使句表示请求,命令,建议,邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调。
★肯定句动词原型
例,Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.
祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾
Comein,Amy.
Sitdownhere,Tom.
Mary,givemeabookplease.
★否定:Dont+动词原型
Dont
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